A new genome sequencing study in ScienceAdvances has uncovered the earliest known evidence of hybrid animal breeding, confirming that mysterious 4500-year-old equid skeletons most likely belonged to domesticated hybrid animals called kungas.
). For the reference equids, genomic tree topology is similar in both the full mitogenome and genome tree topology obtained with different methods . The Persian onager and the hemippes are closely related, and the Mongolian khulans and the Tibetan kiangs are even more closely related. In this respect, the genetic distances between the various hemiones correspond to the geographic distances between their native range .
Expectedly, the 19th to 20th century hemippes, representing some of the last survivors of the subspecies, are genetically similar, whereas the ~11,000-year-old Göbekli Tepe hemippe is more divergent . We also noted that the divergence between the three sequenced hemippes is much larger than that observed between the six domestic donkeys .
It has been noted that the Syrian wild ass , whose range once extended across the Levant, was the smallest form of modern equids (
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