A study published in BMCPsychiatry explores the associations between key risk and protective factors of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among Australian men in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
= 221.235,< 0.001, indicating the set of covariates effectively distinguished participants across suicide risk category membership. Unadjusted and fully-adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI’s for paired comparisons between suicide risk categories are reported in TableTable 3 Multinomial logistic regression of suicide category membership by demographic and protective factorsLower odds of suicidal ideation were observed for metropolitan-residing relative to non-metropolitan participants .
“When it gets bad I externalise my depression and anxiety. I treat it like a wild animal that is threatening those I love. No one gets hurt because of me so I do what I have to to survive.”
France Dernières Nouvelles, France Actualités
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Clinical impact of suboptimal RAASi therapy following an episode of hyperkalemia - BMC NephrologyBackground Hyperkalemia (HK) is a barrier to optimization of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) therapy in heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated cardiorenal risk associated with changes in RAASi regimen after an episode of HK in patients with HF and/or CKD. Methods This observational study utilized data from hospital records, claims, and health registers from the US (Optum’s de-identified Market Clarity Data) and Japan (Medical Data Vision). Included patients had an index episode of HK between July 2019 and September 2021 (US), or May 2020 and September 2021 (Japan), with prior diagnosis of HF or CKD (stage 3 or 4), and RAASi use. Risk of a cardiorenal composite outcome (HF emergency visit, HF hospitalization, or progression to end-stage kidney disease) was determined in patients who discontinued RAASi, down-titrated their dose by | 25%, or maintained or up-titrated their dose following the HK episode. Results A total of 15,488 and 6020 patients were included from the US and Japan, respectively. Prior to the episode of HK, 59% (US) and 27% (Japan) of patients had achieved | 50% target RAASi dose. Following the episode of HK, 33% (US) and 32% (Japan) of patients did not fill a new RAASi prescription. Risk of the cardiorenal outcome at 6 months was higher in patients who discontinued or down-titrated versus maintained or up-titrated RAASi treatment both in the US (17.5, 18.3, and 10.6%; p | 0.001) and in Japan (19.7, 20.0, and 15.1%; p | 0.001). Conclusion HK-related RAASi discontinuation or down-titration was associated with higher risk of cardiorenal events versus maintained or up-titrated RAASi.
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'I felt like a prisoner in my home': Gran's menopause ordeal destroyed her life“I’d gone from being bubbly and care-free with a job I loved to being trapped inside, in pain, and feeling totally desperate'
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Using transfer learning and dimensionality reduction techniques to improve generalisability of machine-learning predictions of mosquito ages from mid-infrared spectra - BMC BioinformaticsBackground Old mosquitoes are more likely to transmit malaria than young ones. Therefore, accurate prediction of mosquito population age can drastically improve the evaluation of mosquito-targeted interventions. However, standard methods for age-grading mosquitoes are laborious and costly. We have shown that Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) can be used to detect age-specific patterns in mosquito cuticles and thus can be used to train age-grading machine learning models. However, these models tend to transfer poorly across populations. Here, we investigate whether applying dimensionality reduction and transfer learning to MIRS data can improve the transferability of MIRS-based predictions for mosquito ages. Methods We reared adults of the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in two insectaries. The heads and thoraces of female mosquitoes were scanned using an attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, which were grouped into two different age classes. The dimensionality of the spectra data was reduced using unsupervised principal component analysis or t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding, and then used to train deep learning and standard machine learning classifiers. Transfer learning was also evaluated to improve transferability of the models when predicting mosquito age classes from new populations. Results Model accuracies for predicting the age of mosquitoes from the same population as the training samples reached 99% for deep learning and 92% for standard machine learning. However, these models did not generalise to a different population, achieving only 46% and 48% accuracy for deep learning and standard machine learning, respectively. Dimensionality reduction did not improve model generalizability but reduced computational time. Transfer learning by updating pre-trained models with 2% of mosquitoes from the alternate population improved performance to ~ 98% accuracy for predicting mosquito age classes in the alternative populat
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Maternal plasma vitamin D levels across pregnancy are not associated with neonatal birthweight: findings from an Australian cohort study of low-risk pregnant women - BMC Pregnancy and ChildbirthBackground In utero environments can be highly influential in contributing to the development of offspring obesity. Specifically, vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and child health outcomes, however its relationship with offspring obesity remains unclear. We assessed maternal vitamin D status across pregnancy, change in plasma vitamin D concentrations and associations with neonatal birthweight, macrosomia and large for gestational age. Methods Women (n = 221) aged 18–40 years with singleton (low-risk) pregnancies, attending antenatal clinics at a tertiary-level maternity hospital were recruited at 10–20 weeks gestation. Medical history, maternal weight and blood samples at three antenatal clinic visits were assessed; early (15 ± 3 weeks), mid (27 ± 2 weeks) and late (36 ± 1 weeks) gestation. Maternal 25(OH)D was analysed from stored plasma samples via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Neonatal growth parameters were collected at birth. Unadjusted and adjusted linear and logistic regression assessed associations of maternal vitamin D with birthweight, macrosomia and large for gestational age. Results Mean plasma 25(OH)D increased from early (83.8 ± 22.6 nmol/L) to mid (96.5 ± 28.9 nmol/L) and late (100.8 ± 30.8 nmol/L) gestation. Overall 98% of women were taking vitamin D-containing supplements throughout their pregnancy. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D | 50 nmol/L) was 6.5%, 6.3% and 6.8% at early, mid and late pregnancy respectively. No statistically significant association was found between 25(OH)D or vitamin D deficiency at any timepoint with neonatal birthweight, macrosomia or large for gestational age. Conclusions Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was low in this cohort of pregnant women and likely related to the high proportion of women taking vitamin D supplements during pregnancy. Maternal 25(OH)D did not impact offspring birth weight or birth size. Future studies in high-risk preg
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Eccentric exercise is more effective than other exercises in the treatment of mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: systematic review and meta-analysis - BMC Sports Science, Medicine and RehabilitationAchilles tendinopathy (AT) is one of the most frequent overuse injuries in the ankle. The evidence base for its conservative management AT continues to evolve, but there is still a gap in the evidence for the efficacy of any modality of treatment in high-quality studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of EE in improving pain and function in adult patients with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy compared to other forms of exercise. A search was performed in PubMed, BIREME, SportDiscus, Cinahl, Web of Science and PEDro, in November 2022. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Risk of Bias 2 tool (RoB2) of the Cochrane collaboration, and the meta-analysis was performed using the Review Manager 5.1 program. 2024 articles were identified and eight fulfilled the inclusion criteria. RoB2 presented a final score with 62.5% of the studies presented “some concerns”, and 37.5% (five and three articles, respectively) presenting “high risk” of bias. EE was effective for the managment of AT. The only variable for which a meta-analysis was possible was pain (five articles), analysed with the visual analogue scale/numerical visual scale. The mean difference (MD) in treatment effect using EE was − 1.21 (− 2.72 to − 0.30) with a 95% of confidence interval (CI), thus identifying a significant positive effect for the improvement of pain in patients with AT in whom EE was used. EE is effective in the management of AT. The meta-analysis shows the need for appropriately powered randomized controlled trials with better design, the use of standard outcome measures and well-planned protocols for conservative management of AT.Level of evidence: Level 1.Registration: CRD42018118016.
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Every fitness beginner needs a resistance bands set for big gains at a tiny costResistance bands saved my fitness during COVID
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