Maternal plasma vitamin D deficiency at early, mid or late pregnancy was not associated with neonatal birthweight or birth size, finds a study published in BMCPregnancyChildbirth.
]. Season of 25D sample collection was defined as either summer , autumn , winter or spring . The average ultra violet index measures for summer, autumn, winter and spring in Melbourne across the two-year time period of data collection were 10.0, 4.6, 2.2 and 6.5 respectively [
] . However, season was not found to be associated with vitamin D exposure variables so was therefore not adjusted for in the final analyses. Statistical significance was set asOf 273 women who were eligible to be included in the analyses, fifty-one women were not included due to missing data for vitamin D at all three timepoints and/or, all child outcomes and/or, all demographic data . This left available data for 222 women.
]. Data were included for 221 women, of which 7 women had one available vitamin D sample measured , 92 women had two samples measured and 122 women had all three samples measured.. The mean age of the women was 31.5 years. Just over half were born in Australia or New Zealand. On average, women delivered at 39.2 weeks gestation. Almost half of the women were first time mothers and three quarters were tertiary educated. Almost all women were non-smokers. Mean maternal BMI was 25.
Data summarising individual maternal vitamin D levels and mean levels across pregnancy are presented in Fig.. Mean 25D levels at early, mid and late pregnancy were 83.8 nmol/L , 96.5 nmol/L and 100.8 nmol/L respectively. Differences in 25D levels at early, mid and late pregnancy and use of vitamin D supplements is presented in Table. There was a statistically significant increase in mean 25D levels from early pregnancy to mid pregnancy and late pregnancy . Overall, 6.5%, 6.3% and 6.
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Rapid identification of mosquito species and age by mass spectrometric analysis - BMC BiologyBackground A rapid, accurate method to identify and to age-grade mosquito populations would be a major advance in predicting the risk of pathogen transmission and evaluating the public health impact of vector control interventions. Whilst other spectrometric or transcriptomic methods show promise, current approaches rely on challenging morphological techniques or simple binary classifications that cannot identify the subset of the population old enough to be infectious. In this study, the ability of rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry (REIMS) to identify the species and age of mosquitoes reared in the laboratory and derived from the wild was investigated. Results The accuracy of REIMS in identifying morphologically identical species of the Anopheles gambiae complex exceeded 97% using principal component/linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA) and 84% based on random forest analysis. Age separation into 3 different age categories (1 day, 5–6 days, 14–15 days) was achieved with 99% (PC-LDA) and 91% (random forest) accuracy. When tested on wild mosquitoes from the UK, REIMS data could determine the species and age of the specimens with accuracies of 91 and 90% respectively. Conclusions The accuracy of REIMS to resolve the species and age of Anopheles mosquitoes is comparable to that achieved by infrared spectroscopy approaches. The processing time and ease of use represent significant advantages over current, dissection-based methods. Importantly, the accuracy was maintained when using wild mosquitoes reared under differing environmental conditions, and when mosquitoes were stored frozen or desiccated. This high throughput approach thus has potential to conduct rapid, real-time monitoring of vector populations, providing entomological evidence of the impact of alternative interventions.
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Systematic characterization of seed overlap microRNA cotargeting associated with lupus pathogenesis - BMC BiologyBackground Combinatorial gene regulation by multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) is widespread and closely spaced target sites often act cooperatively to achieve stronger repression (“neighborhood” miRNA cotargeting). While miRNA cotarget sites are suggested to be more conserved and implicated in developmental control, the pathological significance of miRNA cotargeting remains elusive. Results Here, we report the pathogenic impacts of combinatorial miRNA regulation on inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the SLE mouse model, we identified the downregulation of two miRNAs, miR-128 and miR-148a, by TLR7 stimulation in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Functional analyses using human cell lines demonstrated that miR-128 and miR-148a additively target KLF4 via extensively overlapping target sites (“seed overlap” miRNA cotargeting) and suppress the inflammatory responses. At the transcriptome level, “seed overlap” miRNA cotargeting increases susceptibility to downregulation by two miRNAs, consistent with additive but not cooperative recruitment of two miRNAs. Systematic characterization further revealed that extensive “seed overlap” is a prevalent feature among broadly conserved miRNAs. Highly conserved target sites of broadly conserved miRNAs are largely divided into two classes—those conserved among eutherian mammals and from human to Coelacanth, and the latter, including KLF4-cotargeting sites, has a stronger association with both “seed overlap” and “neighborhood” miRNA cotargeting. Furthermore, a deeply conserved miRNA target class has a higher probability of haplo-insufficient genes. Conclusions Our study collectively suggests the complexity of distinct modes of miRNA cotargeting and the importance of their perturbations in human diseases.
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Racial differences in the impact of maternal smoking on sudden unexpected infant death - Journal of PerinatologyJournal of Perinatology - Racial differences in the impact of maternal smoking on sudden unexpected infant death
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Tragedy in Duxbury Raises Questions About Maternal Mental HealthThe tragedy in Duxbury, Massachusetts, has left many wondering what could possibly drive a mother to kill her children. Lindsay Clancy is accused of strangling her three children, leaving two dead and one injured, before attempting suicide Tuesday. She is charged with two counts of homicide, three counts of strangulation and three counts of assault and battery with a dangerous…
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As Community Mourns Duxbury Children Killed, Questions Circle About Maternal Mental HealthPeople in a South Shore community have had to lean on each other in the wake up a shocking turn of events this week, after a Duxbury, Massachusetts, mother was accused of strangling her children, leaving two of them dead. The Plymouth County District Attorney’s Office announced earlier in the week that Lindsay Clancy allegedly strangled her children — identified…
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Stacey Solomon announces baby gender after announcing surprise pregnancyStacey Solomon surprised fans over Christmas by announcing she was expecting her fifth child - and now she has announced the gender of her child as she counts down to her due date
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