Enigmatic and divisive, Mr. Buthelezi nearly disrupted 1994 elections that brought Nelson Mandela to power to end White rule in South Africa.
A scion of Zulu royalty in one of South Africa’s most influential ethnic groups, Mr. Buthelezi built a political base during apartheid that tapped into Zulu nationalism and opposition to then-jailed
and his African National Congress. Mr. Buthelezi broke with the group in the 1970s and carved out an enigmatic political brand that juggled apparent contradictions and multiple identities.Mr. Buthelezi fiercely denounced South Africa’s White-rule system but was seen by many Black critics, including members of Mandela’s ANC, as complicit in apartheid by becoming prime minister of KwaZulu, one of the Blackset up to further entrench segregation and divide Black South Africans along tribal lines.
While Mandela remained jailed at the Robben Island prison, Mr. Buthelezi also adopted a statesman’s role seeking to squeeze out the ANC —Mr. Buthelezi presented a pro-business alternative that rejected the ANC’s demands for international economic boycotts, saying the sanctions hurt Black South Africans most of all. Mr. Buthelezi also gained stature among White South Africans by opposing the ANC’s calls for armed resistance to apartheid.
He would at times put aside his Western-style suits and take on the mantle of a Zulu warrior, wearing leopard skins and brandishing spears to fire up supporters. “Violence is not alien to us. War is not alien to us,” hemore than 8,000 people at a 1986 ceremony honoring Shaka Zulu, an exalted Zulu king from the early 19th century.
A contest between the ANC and Inkatha for political control of KwaZulu and elsewhere touched off years of
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