Infants less likely to contract COVID, develop severe symptoms than other household caregivers frontiersin
for a detailed description of assay validation and protocols). Sample seropositivity for anti-S RBD IgG and IgA was determined relative to negative controls , which were run in quadruplicate on all plates. Negative cutoff values for each plate were defined as the mean plus 3 standard deviations of the optical density for all four negative control wells.
IgG positive samples with sufficient remaining volume were tested again using a quantitative multiplex assay for measurement of IgG antibodies to both the SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 subunits . Lower and upper limits of detection for S1 and S2 assays were 97.5 – 75,000 U/mL. Cutoff values for the quantitative IgG assay were determined according to the kit protocol, and all sample results quantitatively assayed were positive after adjusting for the dilution factor.
Differences in maternal and infant antibody responses were further examined among the COVID+ group onlya series of Bayesian models. All models were run in R v. 4.1.1 using the ‘brms’ package to fit linear and generalized linear models with full Bayesian inference in Stan (
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