Scientists identify a cryptic SARS-CoV-2 lineage in wastewater SARSCoV2 Coronavirus Disease COVID Wasterwater Surveillance medrxivpreprint UWMadison HealthyLivingMo
On 11 January 2022, an uncommon S sequence was identified in metropolitan wastewater; however, the origin of the highly divergent enigmatic SARS-CoV-2 S strain sequence, identified in wastewater but not in clinical samples, is unknown. If the enigmatic strain sequence was of human origin and transmissible. In that case, it could be a source of future VOCs and a precious tool for predicting SARS-CoV-2 sequences to be incorporated into coronavirus disease 2019 therapeutics such as vaccines.
The present study was conducted in Wisconsin, US , using composite wastewater samples. The prime outcome was identifying the human or non-human host responsible for shedding the ES in municipal wastewater. Samples were processed at the WSLH and the University of Missouri. SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid levels in the wastewater samples were measured using digital reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, and the samples were subjected to whole-genome sequencing analysis.
Results The sample was initially identified to contain raw influents of five intercepting districts of the metropolitan catchment area, sampling >100,000 individuals effectively. The ES source was refined by examining every intercepting line; the ES was identified in a single sub-district wastewater line of the line that serviced the publicly owned treatment works sewer shed. The sequence contained a combination of almost fixed nt mutation identified previously only in B.1.
The findings indicate that one individual, infected initially when the B.1.234 strain was circulating for a prolonged period, excreted the ES of SARS-CoV-2 in the year 2022 and that S variation in the strain was diversifying selection-driven. Of interest, additionally, a congregate of fixed strains was observed in the site encoding for the SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein ectodomain.
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