A new scientific technique using brain organoids – mini artificial brains grown in the lab – is revealing the genetic origins of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) hidden within our brains.
– mini artificial brains grown in the lab –alled CHOOSE , the technique combines elaborate genetics and quantitative bioinformatics to study mutations of genes known to be high risk forBecause each individual cell in the tiny in vitro brain carries only one mutation for a specific high-risk gene, the effects of different mutations can be analyzed simultaneously while the cell in question divides and multiples in the growingThis reveals the consequences of multiple mutations in one experiment,...
Focusing on 36 known high-risk autism genes, the researchers discovered that while these genes share many common molecular mechanisms, the effect of these mechanisms on different cell types can be distinctly different – making certain cell types vulnerable to autism-related mutations in the fetal brain.
Neural progenitors – founder cells that generate neurons, the nerve cells in our brain – are particularly susceptible to mutations, LiThe development of our oddly wrinkled brain is an exquisitely complicated process, yet it's this very complexity that gives so many opportunities for brain development to go awry.
Until recently, scientists have relied on autopsy tissues, brain scans, and animal models to understand the brain's inner workings .And while blobs of artificial brain might sound Frankenstein's monster-ish, derived from
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