Thousands of studies examine how plant diversity structures predator communities and shapes herbivore pressure. This body of evidence has led to at least 23 separate quantitative syntheses encompassing a wide range of approaches to understanding plant diversity effects. Yet the sheer quantity of primary literature and inconsistency among these syntheses prevents a confident understanding of consensus in plant diversity outcomes.
, scrutinizes these 23 quantitative syntheses published over three decades on how plant diversity impacts bothand herbivores in arthropod communities and scrutinizes their divergent patterns to identify key drivers of herbivory.
Amid the 23 syntheses, robust patterns have stood the test of time: divergent outcomes frequently result from insect diet breadth, spatial scale, and plant relatedness variation."Clarifying these persistent drivers enables us to identify and explore remaining sources of variation in plant diversity effects acrossThey find that plant diversity consistently attracts more abundant and diverse communities of predators.
The authors conduct a historical review of the past three decades of syntheses, reporting their approaches, scopes, and findings across trophic levels. They examine core ecological variables that shape the varying outcomes across studies, identify consistent patterns across these ecological factors, and explore mechanisms that explain incongruence between syntheses.
Spatial context is key to understanding impacts of diversity at different trophic levels. Studies conducted at greater spatial scales often show a dilution of effects on herbivores but reveal conflicting effects on predators. Plant arrangement is also important, with agricultural studies showing that alternating rows of crops reduces pest populations, while surrounding crop fields with floral borders better supports predators.
Meanwhile, research in forests has demonstrated that the arrangement of plant diversity interacts with other elements of plant and herbivore
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