Champions of organic farming have long portrayed it as friendlier to humans and the earth.
Katy Rogers, the farm manager at Teter Organic Farm and Retreat Center, tours the facility, Thursday, March 21, 2024, in Noblesville, Ind. Rogers said in many cases its a misconception that organic farmers are harboring massive pest infestations.
By contrast, the researchers found that when organic farms were surrounded by other organic fields, their pesticide use dropped, which the team thinks may be due to their shared reliance on bugs that are natural enemies of agricultural pests. Organic farms are allowed to use certain approved pesticides, but often turn first to “good bugs” that prey on the pests. “It seems that spatially clustering or concentrating organic fields could provide that benefit or that solution,” Larsen said.
David Haviland, an entomologist with the University of California also not involved with the study, agreed. He described the fight in Kern County to control the glassy-winged sharpshooter, which infests citrus orchards and can introduce devastating plant diseases into grapes, almonds and some other crops. Haviland said that regional maps clearly showcase organic farms as “these big, incredible hot spots where there’s massive numbers of this pest.
Rui said investigating the environmental consequences of organic farming is a worthy goal, and both organic and conventional farms have room for improvement. But he thinks looking only at at pesticide use doesn't account for factors like human health, air and water quality and ecosystem diversity that can be affected by different farming methods.
Wetli was more concerned with soil management. He's careful to plant cover crops and has worked to reduce tilling, which can cause soil erosion and contaminate waterways, and said organic farming sometimes still involves tilling.
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