For four decades, a vaccine against HIV has remained frustratingly out of reach. Here’s why scientists were able to develop a vaccine so quickly for COVID — and why the challenge has been more daunting for AIDS.
Luke Dray/Getty ImagesA nurse enrolls a participant in an HIV vaccine trial in Masaka, Uganda, an African-led project.The four-decades long effort to create an HIV vaccine suffered a blow last week with news that Janssen Pharmaceuticals, a division of Johnson & Johnson, wasMitchell Warren
But the holy grail has always been to find a vaccine that would prevent people from being infected with HIV. drugs to prevent HIV transmission if taken correctly by uninfected people who see themselves at risk. Today almost 29 million of the world's 38 million HIV-infected people have access to life-saving ART drugs, according to UNAIDS.97% of the 940,000 worldwide PrEP users lived in just 30 countriesAnd a vaccine against HIV remains frustratingly out of reach.
"AIDS integrates into the immune system. It mutates incredibly rapidly, making it a moving target for the immune system," says, director of the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, which brings together scientists and engineers to better understand the immune system."Meanwhile, the immune system is being destroyed by the virus itself."
"The reality is that, yes, we do still need a vaccine," says Walker."In parts of the world where AIDS is still most prevalent, PrEP is not always available." While the cost of PrEP has gone down in most low-income countries to less than $100 a year, it can be hard for those in remote areas to access the drugs, and the persistent stigma of AIDS can make people reluctant to take pills.
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