Collectively referred to as the Venus figurines, these statues are at the beginning of a long tradition of depicting the female form in art
The Renancourt Venus was found in Amiens, France, in 2019. Carved from chalk in the late Gravettian period, she is 23,000 years old and 1.5 inches tall.Found across Europe and Asia, these female figurines created during themay seem crude by comparison when gazing at the brushstrokes of Madame X’s flawless skin or Venus’s beautifully sculpted face. Roughly rendered, the Stone Age figures’ feminine traits—breasts, bellies, and hips—are large and exaggerated.
Whether carved from stone or bone or fashioned from clay, the most notable feature among these works of art is their size. They are all tiny, measuring between two and 10 inches high, which made them portable and easy for nomadic peoples to carry from place to place. This limestone figurine was discovered in 1983 at the Russian site of Kostenki near the River Don. Like the other Venuses, it is small measuring four inches high. Scholars believe it was made between 23,000 and 21,000 years ago, during the period of the Gravettian culture. In terms of shape and the detail of the hairstyle or headdress, it resembles the Venus of Willendorf. Both figures were painted with red ocher.
The hooded lady, or the Venus of Brassempouy, was carved about 25,000 years ago. This fragment is in the National Archaeology Museum in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France.The Brassempouy fragment is small, slightly more than an inch in length, and scholars believe it was once part of a larger figure carved from a mammoth’s tusk. French archaeologist Édouard Piette discovered the sculpture in a cave in southwestern France.
No taller than 4.5 inches, this tiny figure made a tremendous impact on art history when discovered in 1908. Dubbed the Venus of Willendorf, after where it was found in Austria, it is roughly 30,000 years old, fashioned during the Aurignacian culture of the Upper Paleolithic. Carved from limestone, the faceless sculpture bears traces of red ocher pigment.
Other hypotheses have moved away from religious or mystical considerations into the more mundane. Some researchers’ explanations range far and wide—from erotic objects to children’s toys. It is, of course, possible that the figures were made for different purposes in different places or periods, as the geographic areas and time spans in which they have been found are both vast.
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