Why an old tussle over a water resource escalated into a border conflict between Afghanistan and Iran
A tense calm has now settled along the Afghanistan-Iran border after their security forces exchanged heavy gunfire on May 27 over what appears to be a lingering water dispute.
This is one of the most serious challenges the two sides are facing since the Taliban took control of Kabul in 2021.Earlier in May, Iran’s President Ebrahim Raisi kicked off a war of words when he warned Afghan officials against violating Iran’s water rights over the 1100-km-long Helmand River, a transborder source of water.
For Afghanistan, the river is indispensable as it is a source of drinking water and helps irrigate farmland via a network of canals and waterways. Politically speaking, Iran, which is ruled by a Shia Muslim clergy, has even more at stake than Afghanistan.
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