What is the role of the pediatric gut microbiome in COVID-19? MDPIOpenAccess NIH Pediatrics GutMicrobiome Microbiome COVID19 Coronavirus SARSCoV2
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Dec 15 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux The gut microbiome plays an active role in maintaining an individual’s health. Alteration in the gut microbial population can influence disease severity and impact long-term outcomes in adults infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 . Owing to limited sample availability, the impact of the gut microbiome in children with COVID-19 has not been evaluated.
Background Most children with COVID-19 experience at least one gastrointestinal infection symptom, such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. All these symptoms are linked with changes in the patient’s gut microbiome. As the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to infant through breast milk is low, it has been recommended that infants should continue to receive breast milk from mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection, following the safety guidelines.
Underlying mechanisms Related StoriesThe gut microbiome in children differs from adults. It is extremely important to understand the mechanisms associated with the interactions between gut microbiota and SARS-CoV-2. Scientists identified possible mechanisms of the gut microbiome, such as gut barrier integrity, the immune system, ACE2 receptor expression, and difference in microbiota composition and metabolites, which significantly contribute to clinical outcomes in children and adults.
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What is the prevalence of COVID-19 detection by PCR among deceased individuals in Lusaka, Zambia? A postmortem surveillance studyObjectives To determine the prevalence of COVID-19 postmortem setting in Lusaka, Zambia. Design A systematic, postmortem prevalence study. Setting A busy, inner-city morgue in Lusaka. Participants We sampled a random subset of all decedents who transited the University Teaching Hospital morgue. We sampled the posterior nasopharynx of decedents using quantitative PCR. Prevalence was weighted to account for age-specific enrolment strategies. Interventions Not applicable—this was an observational study. Primary outcomes Prevalence of COVID-19 detections by PCR. Results were stratified by setting (facility vs community deaths), age, demographics and geography and time. Secondary outcomes Shifts in viral variants; causal inferences based on cycle threshold values and other features; antemortem testing rates. Results From 1118 decedents enrolled between January and June 2021, COVID-19 was detected among 32.0% (358/1116). Roughly four COVID-19+ community deaths occurred for every facility death. Antemortem testing occurred for 52.6% (302/574) of facility deaths but only 1.8% (10/544) of community deaths and overall, only ~10% of COVID-19+ deaths were identified in life. During peak transmission periods, COVID-19 was detected in ~90% of all deaths. We observed three waves of transmission that peaked in July 2020, January 2021 and ~June 2021: the AE.1 lineage and the Beta and Delta variants, respectively. PCR signals were strongest among those whose deaths were deemed ‘probably due to COVID-19’, and weakest among children, with an age-dependent increase in PCR signal intensity. Conclusions COVID-19 was common among deceased individuals in Lusaka. Antemortem testing was rarely done, and almost never for community deaths. Suspicion that COVID-19 was the cause of deaths was highest for those with a respiratory syndrome and lowest for individuals |19 years. Data are available upon reasonable request.
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Brain fog of post-COVID-19 condition and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, same medical disorder? - Journal of Translational MedicineBackground Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is characterized by persistent physical and mental fatigue. The post-COVID-19 condition patients refer physical fatigue and cognitive impairment sequelae. Given the similarity between both conditions, could it be the same pathology with a different precipitating factor? Objective To describe the cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and general symptomatology in both groups, to find out if it is the same pathology. As well as verify if the affectation of smell is related to cognitive deterioration in patients with post-COVID-19 condition. Methods The sample included 42 ME/CFS and 73 post-COVID-19 condition patients. Fatigue, sleep quality, anxiety and depressive symptoms, the frequency and severity of different symptoms, olfactory function and a wide range of cognitive domains were evaluated. Results Both syndromes are characterized by excessive physical fatigue, sleep problems and myalgia. Sustained attention and processing speed were impaired in 83.3% and 52.4% of ME/CFS patients while in post-COVID-19 condition were impaired in 56.2% and 41.4% of patients, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found in sustained attention and visuospatial ability, being the ME/CFS group who presented the worst performance. Physical problems and mood issues were the main variables correlating with cognitive performance in post-COVID-19 patients, while in ME/CFS it was anxiety symptoms and physical fatigue. Conclusions The symptomatology and cognitive patterns were similar in both groups, with greater impairment in ME/CFS. This disease is characterized by greater physical and neuropsychiatric problems compared to post-COVID-19 condition. Likewise, we also propose the relevance of prolonged hyposmia as a possible marker of cognitive deterioration in patients with post-COVID-19.
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No benefit of low dose apixaban following acute COVID-19No benefit of low dose apixaban following acute COVID-19 Apixaban Coronavirus Disease COVID medrxivpreprint Cambridge_Uni LivUni imperialcollege unibirmingham EdinburghUni
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More exercise linked to less-severe COVID-19 outcomesKaiser Permanente members who were more physically active prior to being diagnosed with COVID-19 had a lower risk of severe outcomes, according to research published Dec. 15, 2022, in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
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China-backed study presses Beijing to roll out Covid boosters to avoid 1mn deaths\n\t\t\tKeep abreast of significant corporate, financial and political developments around the world.\n\t\t\tStay informed and spot emerging risks and opportunities with independent global reporting, expert\n\t\t\tcommentary and analysis you can trust.\n\t\t
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