Juneteenth, a portmanteau of June 19, is a holiday that honors the last enslaved Black people in Texas learning they were free. Congress moved to establish Juneteenth as a federal holiday in June 2021.
On June 19, 1865, federal troops marched on Galveston, Texas, to take control of the state. Even though the Civil War had been over for two months, slavery remained in Texas.
Union General Gordon Granger arrived in Texas and famously read General Orders No. 3, which stated, “The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free.” He delivered the news of emancipation two months after Confederate General Robert E. Lee had surrendered, and two and a half years after President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.Other dates — such as the Confederate Army’s surrender in the Civil War, the ratification of the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery, or the day Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation — could similarly be viewed as the “end” of slavery in the U.S.
Congress moved to establish Juneteenth as a federal holiday in June 2021, and the holiday went into effect immediately, making it the 12th federal holiday. The bill, signed into law by President Joe Biden, designated the date as Juneteenth National Independence Day.By making Juneteenth a federal holiday, all Americans can feel the power of this day and learn from our history, and celebrate the progress, and grapple with the distance we’ve come, but the distance we have to travel, too.
Juneteenth celebrations may include religious services, educational events, family gatherings and festivals/parades.
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