What are vacuum bombs and is Russia using them in Ukraine?

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What are vacuum bombs and is Russia using them in Ukraine?
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Russia has confirmed that it has used thermobaric weapons - which are sometimes called vacuum bombs - in Ukraine.

TOS-1 Buratino rocket launchers on display in Moscow, Russia, Russia has confirmed it has used the TOS-1A weapon system, which uses thermobaric rockets, in Ukraine.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine seems to be escalating, with the reported use of highly destructive thermobaric weapons. Although this hasn’t been confirmed, Oskana Markarova, Ukraine’s ambassador to the US,and a number of images posted online have shown specialist thermobaric launcher vehicles in the Russian invasion force.

The use of these weapons in populated areas would be a violation of international humanitarian law according toare molecules that break apart on detonation, releasing energy. In contrast, thermobaric explosives typically involve powdered metal that burns in air, producing an intense rapidly expanding fireball with a shockwave at its leading edge as the explosive reaction continues outwards.

Thermobarics are sometimes called vacuum bombs because after the initial explosion, a low-pressure zone sucks back towards the explosion site. This push-pull effect can be highly damaging to structures, but the main reason thermobaric explosions are so destructive is the prolonged outwards pressure wave.

This is far more dangerous than the brief pulse produced by high explosives and causes distinct injuries, typically in the lungs where the pressure wave can destroy delicate air sacs or cause a massive embolism, leaving victims dead with no signs of external damage.

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