Mega-eruptions have occurred on Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano in AD 200 and 1100, suggesting they occur roughly once every 1000 years
Cronin and his research team camped on Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in 2015 and noticed that the surrounding coral reef was lifting up, suggesting that magma was building underneath the volcano and could cause an eruption in the near future.
Several small eruptions have occurred in the intervening years, probably as some of the growing pressure forced its way out of small fractures around the edge of the volcano, says Cronin. As the pressure built up further, it led to the breaking point on 15 January that caused the central part of the volcano to blow out, he says.show that that the above-water portion of the volcano is now almost completely obliterated. “You wouldn’t be able to camp on it now,” says Cronin.
His team found evidence of two previous mega-eruptions occurring on Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in AD 1100 and AD 200, suggesting they occur roughly once every 1000 years. The volcano has continued to erupt at a low level since 15 January and Cronin says he “wouldn’t be surprised if there were a few more explosive events” in the coming days or weeks. However, they are unlikely to be as powerful as the initial explosion, he says.
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