An upstate New York factory shows the complicated process of turning silicon into a chip
The global chip shortage is making it hard to buy cars, appliances and other products. In Malta, N.Y., GlobalFoundries Inc. makes chips through a complex process that requires precision, clean environments, expensive factory equipment and time.
Even a single speck of dust can damage a chip. Before entering so-called clean rooms, where the manufacturing actually occurs, workers have to put on safety gear, including safety glasses, a hairnet, mask, gloves, boots, gown and a hood. Chips are too intricate to be built by human hands. Workers keep the automated machinery up and running, but don’t build chips themselves.Chip designs come from glass plates known as reticles. Features on the reticle are transferred to the wafers using light.Liquid photoresist is applied to the wafer. As light passes through the reticle and onto the wafer, it reacts with the photoresist and transfers the design to the wafer. Each reticle transfers one layer to a wafer.
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