Essay: When the CIA began 75 years ago, women filled key espionage roles but struggled for status and respect. Their “Petticoat Panel” report tried to change that.
Elizabeth Sudmeier loitered outside a cafe in Baghdad one day in early 1954, taking care not to draw attention to herself. It was not easy for a young American woman in the Middle East to blend in, but Sudmeier, her colleagues would later attest, was practiced in making herself disappear in any setting. In a few minutes, the man she had been anticipating, the one she had spent months persuading to meet her, arrived, handed her an envelope and moved on.
When the U.S. entered World War II, it had no central spy agency, so President Franklin Roosevelt appointed William Donovan, a decorated war hero, to build one from the isolated units serving the military and the Treasury and State Departments. Donovan’s vision included a diverse “cross section of racial origins, of abilities, temperaments and talents,” as he put it later, and that included a lot of women, increasingly pressed into new roles during the war but rarely suspected of being spies.
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