This major group of diverse bats are auditory innovators.
The wide array of adaptations found among these bats have stymied scientists searching for anatomical traits that could differentiate yangochiropterans from yinpterochiropterans. “Most of the diversity is in the yangochiropterans,” Patterson says. “So finding something that tied them all together was like a needle in a haystack, but this inner ear character suite seems to be exactly that.”
But in yangochiropterans, the setup looks a bit different. “As you ascend this spiral, the wall opens up,” Patterson says. In some bats, the tiny pores become “much bigger windows” that allow large nerve bundles to pass through. Eventually, Patterson says, “the wall just disappears and the ganglion actually flops out of the canal.” In other yangochiropterans, the bony wall is absent throughout the length of the ganglion canal.
Among yinpterochiropterans, the species that echolocate emit a barrage of sound pulses at a constant frequency. This kind of echolocation is great for finding insects scampering over leaves and other clutter but isn’t much help for open-air hunting, Patterson says. Yangochiropteran bats utter echolocation calls at longer intervals that start off high before swooping down to lower frequencies.
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