As a historian who studies Mormon migration and immigration, I see the pageantry of Pioneer Day as a reflection of the church’s long, complicated relationships with race, nationalism and identity.
The first Latter-day Saints to reach Utah had fled Illinois, more than 1,000 miles away. On July 24, 1847, after months on the trail, church leader Brigham Young caught sight of the valley and proclaimed, “This is the right place.”
Each year’s commemorations emphasize stories of hardship and heroism. However, they remember just one story of migration out of many in the diverse history of the church and the region.Smith founded the LDS Church in upstate New York in 1830. Ever since, its history has been one of movement. In the faith’s first few decades, the church changed headquarters several times, gathering in New York, then Ohio, then Missouri, then Illinois. Each time, the Latter-day Saints’ arrival prompted conflict with communities that did not trust the new church — discrimination that sometimes broke into violence. After Smith, the founder, wasWhen Latter-day Saints arrived by the Great Salt Lake in 1847, the area was Mexican territory.
Many did not trust the U.S. government, given the church’s previous experiences of discrimination. Nor did many Americans trust the LDS Church, partially because of the practice of polygamy — which church leaders formallySome Americans in the 19th century considered Mormon immigrants to be racially nonwhite, although the vast majority were coming from Europe. Anti-immigrant sentiment was rising at the time, and critics sometimes conflated their fears about Mormon, Chinese and Muslim immigrants.
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