The formation of myelin during early development rests on an intricate balancing act in the phosphorylation of the protein cytohesin-2, according to a new scisignal study in mice.
Myelin sheaths protect and insulate neuronal axons, enabling more rapid neurotransmission. In the peripheral nervous system, myelin is made by Schwann cells. Miyamoto. found that myelin production by Schwann cells in mice was regulated by phosphorylation dynamics at an amino acid residue in the guanine nucleotide exchange factor cytohesin-2.
The guanine-nucleotide exchange factor cytohesin-2 activates the protein Arf6 to promote Schwann cell myelination. Here, we investigated the regulation of cytohesin-2 and found that the phosphorylation status of Tyrin cytohesin-2 is central to Schwann cell myelination. Knockin mice with a nonphosphorylatable Y381F mutation in cytohesin-2 exhibited reduced myelin thickness and decreased Arf6 activity in sciatic nerve tissue.
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