Development projects, such as mining, encroach on the Sami people's way of life in northern Sweden
, one reindeer looks much like another. But for Anders-Erling Fjallas, one of the Sami people indigenous to northern Sweden, it is easy to tell which reindeer belongs to whom. “We carve our brand in their ears with a knife when the calves are a few months old,” says Mr Fjallas, who owns about 700 of the animals. Once hunter-gatherers, the Sami switched to herding reindeer in the Middle Ages. Nowadays they move with their herds between the lowlands and the mountains.
Not everyone is thrilled, particularly around the northern mining town of Kiruna. Elsewhere, Sami groups have opposed mining projects they said would interfere with herding. Like the Sami, Kiruna itself is migrating. The tunnels through its iron-ore deposits are caving in, forcing the whole town to move two miles . In February reindeer belonging to Sami started showing up dead, with bullet holes in them. Some Sami received death threats.
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