Study shows booster vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 effective but protection wanes rapidly SARSCoV2 Coronavirus Disease COVID medrxivpreprint rivm UMCUtrecht
Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination commenced in the Netherlands on January 6, 2021, and four vaccines were approved for use by April 2021. Booster vaccination began in November 2021, prioritizing healthcare workers and older adults. In March 2022, a second booster dose was offered to older adults, but the uptake was relatively low.
About the study The present study examined the VE of primary and booster vaccine series against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Delta and Omicron predominance. More than 45,000 community-dwelling Dutch adults aged 18-85 were enrolled in VASCO and asked to complete monthly and quarterly questionnaires in the first year and the next four years, respectively.
Individuals who tested COVID-19-positive or had serologic evidence of anti-nucleocapsid antibodies before the commencement of follow-up were excluded. Four risk groups were defined by age group and medical risk condition. VE estimates were computed using Cox proportional hazards models. Analyses were adjusted for age group, sex, education, and medical risk condition.
The proportion of antigen tests sharply increased in the Omicron period. As a result, most infections were reported in the Omicron period. VE stood at 80% in < 6 weeks following primary vaccination in the Delta period after adjusting for specified covariates. This declined to 71% in 19 – 24 weeks but increased to 96% within six weeks following booster administration.
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