Spider fossil sheds light on Australia’s ancient rainforest ecosystem

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Spider fossil sheds light on Australia’s ancient rainforest ecosystem
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A suite of plant and animal fossils from a site in New South Wales date back about 16 million years to a time when the region was blanketed in lush rainforests

By analysing the properties of several leaf fossils from the site, McCurry, Frese and their colleagues reconstructed the region’s past climate using a computer model. The mean annual temperature of the area was estimated to have been around 17°C. They also found that during the three wettest and driest months of the year, rainfall was around 962 millimetres and 254 mm per month, respectively.

Additionally, the researchers found evidence of interactions between organisms. For example, they discovered a freshwater mussel attached to the fin of a fish, which means the mussel used the fish to move around and feed. They also discovered a microscopic, parasitic nematode that appears to have hitched a ride on the back of a longhorn beetle.

“The degree of fossilisation allows us this unprecedented insight into what these ancient rainforest ecosystems were like,” says McCurry. This site also closes a gap in the knowledge of Australia’s prehistoric past, says Frese. “We had no fossil site that would give us information on the Miocene in Australia, which is an important time period.”

“It’s a time when Australia was becoming far more arid and when most of its modern ecosystems were developed,” says McCurry. “It’s Australia’s origin story, in a way.”

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