South America's leaders will gather in Brazil's capital on Tuesday as part of President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva's attempt to reinvigorate regional integration efforts that have previously floundered amid the continent's political swings and polarization.
Analysts say Lula senses an opportunity for integration because of the political affinities of the region's current governments and appears to want to test leaders' willingness to co-operate through a revived Union of South American Nations, or Unasur.
But a subsequent swing to the right on the continent saw the group fracture. The last meeting with all Unasur's members took place in 2014. After 2017, disagreements over Unasur's leadership and the participation of Venezuela's authoritarian President Nicolas Maduro led seven countries to withdraw, including Brazil in 2019 under Lula's predecessor, the far-right Jair Bolsonaro.
The challenge, analysts say, will be having a bloc that can survive the region's political shifts and instability. Asked about the possibility of the bilateral meeting, Ambassador Gisela Padovan, Secretary for Latin America and Caribbean at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said it had not yet been established.
Pedroso said Brazil could be a mediator in Venezuela's political crisis, and it wants to reduce the number of immigrants crossing the border into Brazil, more than 400,000 since 2018.Unasur "couldn't lead important projects in cooperation in diverse areas after some governments were electorally defeated," said Pedroso. "And it did not establish a direct connection with the populations in its countries.
"Countries in the region need to think how they will react when Argentina breaks, or if any bilateral crisis evolves, such as Colombia and Peru's conflict in the border," he said.
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