Some artificial sweeteners have been found to increase blood sugar levels, which may be due to the changes they induce in gut microbes
substitutes on blood sugar in 120 adults in Israel without underlying health conditions. The participants reported that they did not consume low-calorie sweeteners during the six months prior to the study.They were then divided into six groups and supplied with 1-gram packets of sweeteners. For two weeks, participants in four of these groups consumed two packets three times a day of either aspartame, sucralose, saccharin or stevia dissolved in water.
On average, the researchers found that people who consumed saccharin and sucralose had significant spikes in blood sugar after the glucose tolerance tests. Blood sugar remained stable or even decreased slightly in all of the other groups, even those consuming daily glucose – suggesting it is not the glucose in the sweetener packets that is raising blood sugar levels, says Suez.
Suez and his team also analysed daily stool and saliva samples from the participants and found that all four sweeteners significantly altered the abundance,and mouth. They also collected weekly blood samples and found corresponding changes in metabolites, or molecules that are by-products of digestion.
The researchers also transplanted stool samples from people eating saccharine, sucralose, glucose and no supplement into the digestive tracts of mice, and found that transplants from the saccharine and sucralose groups resulted in an increase in the mouse’sThis suggests it was the microbial changes that led to this outcome, says Suez.
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