Genome-wide map reveals regions associated with skeletal changes that enabled humans to walk upright
The changes in key genetic regions that allow humans to walk upright have been narrowed down through a large study involving artificial intelligence.Humans are the only great apes to routinely walk on two legs, a posture that relies on us having long legs, short arms and narrow hips. A study, has generated a map of genomic regions that could explain how our unique skeletal architecture evolved.
Narasimhan and his colleagues turned to the UK Biobank, a repository of genetic and health data for half a million people, to obtain records that included whole-body X-ray images. They used artificial intelligence to weed out images that couldn’t be used in the analysis, such as blurred pictures and those of people with implants or amputations. They then applied further rounds of AI analyses to extract precise measurements of bone lengths from more than 31,000 records.
Having longer legs than arms is a hallmark of walking upright, and genomic regions linked to changes in this ratio were different to similar regions in other great apes, a sign that these regions were under evolutionary selection in humans. The same was true for regions linked to narrow hips relative to overall height.
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