Europa is the smoothest solid object in our Solar System, thanks to its thick shell of ice.
That ocean makes Europa a prime target for scientific study, including two separate orbiter missions set to launch toward Jupiter over the next two years.
"Before this, it was known through laboratory experiments and modeling that heating and cooling of Europa's ocean may drive currents," Hay Combined with Europa's rotation and other factors, that vertical temperature gradient ought to fuel some fairly powerful ocean currents. "And the idea that the cracks and ridges we see on Europa's surface could be tied to the circulation of the ocean below – geologists don't usually think, 'Maybe it's the ocean doing that,'" heThe researchers used NASA supercomputers to build complex simulations of Europa's ocean, borrowing techniques that have been used to model oceans on Earth.
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