Science Made Simple: How Do Particle Accelerators Work? — Particle accelerators, mac |
lear physics, and they’re integral in numerous industrial processes, medical treatments, and national security operations.Whether it’s medical or scientific research, consumer product development or national security, particle accelerators touch nearly every part of our daily lives. Since the early days of the cathode ray tube in the 1890s, particle accelerators have made important contributions to scientific and technological innovation.
Particle physics, also called high-energy physics, asks basic questions about the universe. With particle accelerators as their primary scientific tools, particle physicists have achieved a profound understanding of the fundamental particles and physical laws that govern matter, energy, space and time.
Electron-beam applications center on the modification of material properties, such as the alteration of plastics, for surface treatment, and for pathogen destruction in medical sterilization and food irradiation. Ion-beam accelerators, which accelerate heavier particles, find extensive use in the semiconductor industry in chip manufacturing and in hardening the surfaces of materials such as those used in artificial joints.
Radiation therapy by external beams has developed into a highly effective method for treating cancer patients. The vast majority of these irradiations are now performed with microwave linear accelerators producing electron beams and x-rays. Accelerator technology, diagnostics and treatment technique developments over the past 50 years have dramatically improved clinical outcomes.
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