Researchers have developed a new method for making tiny stretchable antennas from a hydrogel and liquid metal. The antennas could be used in wearable and flexible wireless electronic devices to provide a link between the device and external systems for power delivery, data processing and communication.
, the researchers describe their new technique, which involves injecting eutectic gallium-indium—a metal alloy that is a liquid at room temperature—into a microchannel created with a single-step femtosecond-laser ablation process. They used this method to create an antenna measuring 24 mm × 0.6 mm × 0.2 mm embedded into a 70 mm × 12 mm× 7 mm hydrogel slab.
To make a liquid metal dipole antenna—the simplest and most widely used type of antenna—the researchers scanned a femtosecond laser to form a pair of symmetrical microchannels inside a hydrogel without harming the surface. The laser's short pulse duration produces a high peak power that allows ablation of transparent material vialike multiphoton absorption, which ensures that ablation only takes place at the precise focal point for the laser.
They selected hydrogel as a substrate because it has more favorable dielectric properties compared to polydimethylsiloxane and other conventional polymer substrates, allowing the length of the antenna to be reduced by half. Hydrogel-based devices can also be stretched to almost double their original length.
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