Transcranial alternating current stimulation provides moderate cognitive benefits in healthy older adults as well as those with neuropsychiatric disorders, results of the largest and most comprehensive meta-analysis of tACS to date show.
The analysis included 102 studies of tACS in healthy individuals as well as those with neurological or psychiatric conditions published between 2006 and 2021.
When compiling over 300 measures of mental function across all the studies, there was evidence for significant, reliable, and immediate improvement in mental function with tACS, Reinhart toldWhen examining specific mental functions separately — such as memory, attention, or intelligence — tACS produced the strongest improvement in executive control, or the ability to adapt behavior in the face of new, surprising, or conflicting information, he noted.
"In both subpopulations, we found reliable evidence for improvements in mental function with tACS. Interestingly, we also found that in specialized tACS, which can target two brain regions at the same time, manipulating the relationship between the two regions can both enhance or reduce mental function," Reinhart toldThis bidirectional regulation of mental function could be particularly useful in the clinic, he noted.
"Before tACS can become widely applicable, several crucial aspects need to be addressed. Firstly, we need to determine the specific brain regions that should be targeted for optimal results. Additionally, we must identify which types of individuals would benefit the most from this technology," said Lakhan, who was not involved in the meta-analysis.
"However, this advancement raises profound questions about the boundaries between clinical use and neuro-enhancement, challenging our existing social constructs," said Lakhan.
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