Perspective: The freedom of Juneteenth was fleeting. This is what came next.
, were founded in the early 20th century to promote leadership development and community service. They funded college scholarship programs for Black students and regularly donated to organizations such as the NAACP. Later, their membership ranks produced thousands of foot soldiers in the struggle for freedom, including iconic leaders such as the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.
Generations of African Americans after Juneteenth fought for equality they would never see, and their generosity led to the churches, schools, fraternal orders, service clubs and advocacy networks that formed the front lines of the civil rights movement of the 20th century. For instance, in 1919, Madam C.J. Walker placed the NAACP into her estate plans as a beneficiary of the sale of her 34-room mansion in Irvington, N.Y. She died a few months later, but her legacy lived on. In 1952, Walter White, the national head of the NAACP, told an audience in the Bronx at a gravesidefor Walker that: “Mme. Walker’s generosity virtually saved the NAACP in the dark days of the depression.
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