Canada needs smart and assertive trade action to support and protect its green industrial policy
Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau attends a news conference to announce details on the construction of a gigafactory for electric vehicle battery production by Volkswagen Group's battery company PowerCo SE in St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada April 21, 2023. REUTERS/Carlos OsorioWolfgang Alschner is an associate professor at the University of Ottawa’s faculty of law. He holds the Hyman Soloway Chair in Business and Trade Law.
The challenges are most obvious when considering critical mineral production and electric vehicle battery manufacturing, two fast-growing industries widely considered sources of future economic prosperity essential for the energy transition. And yet in reality things are more complicated. For example, many of Canada’s critical mineral riches lie in the far North, away from the hydro-powered green electricity grids of Southern Quebec and Ontario. Those remote mines are instead, which is harmful to both workers and the climate. In contrast, China’s Inner Mongolia is home not only to the world’s biggest rare earth mine, Bayan Obo, but also to thebe competing with dirty foreign ones.
Instead, policy-makers need to make use of their trade policy toolbox. Beyond the blanket national security bans and naive open-market approaches of the past, that toolbox contains a range of instruments to help Canadian mining and refining remain competitive. These include measures for temporary protection from import competition. They also include rules of origin, which set out how much production must occur in a country or region for a product to be considered to have been made there.
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