New Study: Wild Asian Elephants Display Unique Puzzle Solving Skills

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New Study: Wild Asian Elephants Display Unique Puzzle Solving Skills
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A recent study examines elephants' capacity for innovation and overcoming obstacles to access food sources. Individual innovation is often viewed as a marker of intelligence among different species. Elephants, in particular, have garnered attention from researchers due to their advanced problem-sol

Researchers at the CUNY Graduate Center and Hunter College studied the problem-solving abilities of wild Asian elephants at Thailand’s Salakpra Wildlife Sanctuary. Using puzzle boxes filled with jackfruit, they found varying levels of innovative behavior in elephants accessing food, highlighting the potential impact of elephant cognitive flexibility on conservation and human-elephant conflict mitigation.

“This is the first research study to show that individual wild elephants have different willingness and abilities to problem solve in order to get food,” said the study’s lead author Sarah Jacobson, a psychology doctoral candidate studying animal cognition at the CUNY Graduate Center and Hunter College. “This is important knowledge, because how animals think and innovate may influence their ability to survive in environments that are rapidly changing due to human presence.

Conducted at the Salakpra Wildlife Sanctuary in Kanchanaburi, Thailand, the study used motion-activated cameras to observe 77 wild Asian elephants who approached and decided whether to attempt opening puzzle boxes with three differently configured compartments that contained highly aromatic jackfruit.

Over time, 44 of the elephants who approached the puzzle boxes interacted with them, but there were individual differences in how innovative the elephants were. The researchers found that elephants who interacted with the puzzle boxes more frequently and with greater persistence were more successful in retrieving food from all three differently configured compartments. Overall, 11 elephants solved one compartment type and eight solved two compartment types.

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