Science, Space and Technology News 2023
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While the significance of the findings is paramount, the methodology behind them is equally critical, pointing to a necessary shift in scientific approaches. Previous studies on mice and at-risk older individuals have revealed that cholinergic neurons, a type of brain cells that produce the chemical messenger acetylcholine, are particularly vulnerable to the damaging Alzheimer’s-associated beta-amyloid accumulation in the brain. Additionally, acetylcholine has been shown to be essential for normal memory and cognition.
“Since male and female brains have differences in the cholinergic system, we wanted to see if sex affects this relationship between acetylcholine signalling and the beta-amyloid protein buildup,” said Marco Prado, professor, departments of physiology and pharmacology and anatomy and cell biology. Marco Prado, one of the authors of the study, is also the Canada Research Chair in Neurochemistry of Dementia and a scientist at Robarts Research Institute.
The lead author of the study, German-Castelan, intrigued by the sex differences, decided to introduce another layer of testing into the mouse models and with the help of Western researcher Robert Gros studied female mice who were closely modelled to represent postmenopausal women. This was done to investigate how the presence or lack of sex hormones could impact the relationship between cholinergic signaling and the beta-amyloid buildup in the brain.
“Which explains why there were differences between the results of male and female mice and men and women in our initial exploration,” said German-Castelan.
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