Memory B and T cells responses differ when induced by SARS-CoV-2 infections or booster vaccinations SARSCoV2 Coronavirus Disease COVID BCell TCell J_Immunol KeioGlobal
By Dr. Chinta SidharthanNov 27 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. They also evaluated the memory B and T cell cross-reactivity to the Omicron variant.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants carrying mutations in the spike protein that increase their transmissibility and immune evasion abilities has added to the concerns of waning immunity. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants and sub-variants currently in circulation carry mutations in their spike proteins' receptor binding domain , allowing them to escape the neutralizing antibodies elicited from vaccinations.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from the blood samples of all individuals. The complete spike protein and RBD were produced, and the purity and concentration of the proteins were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and protein assays. Additionally, PBMCs were cultured with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the presence of interleukin-2 to produce anti-RBD antibodies in vitro, the concentration of which was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . Furthermore, the researchers also measured the cross-reactivity of the memory B and T cells against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant using IFN-γ ELISpot assay and FACS.
When the immune responses elicited from SARS-CoV-2 infections were compared to those elicited from vaccinations, the results indicated that infections resulted in higher memory T cell levels but lower memory B cell levels. Contrary to other studies, the present study also found that patients exhibiting moderate disease symptoms elicited the most potent memory B and T cell responses.
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