When shopping for a new TV, two terms come up a lot: LED and LCD. But what's the difference? We shed some light on these and other major types of TV displays.
Shopping for a new TV can be a crash course in three to four-letter acronyms. From sales floor price tags to online marketing, Samsung, LG, Sony, TCL, Hisense, and every TV brand under the sun is all about the tech verbiage — QLED, OLED, mini-LED, QD-OLED, UHD, HD . But each one of these acronyms stands for something important, which in most cases is the kind of picture technology the TV is utilizing to give you things like mesmerizing brightness, rich colors, and awesome black levels.
Since both LED and LCD TVs are based around LCD technology, the question remains: What is the difference? Actually, it’s about what the difference was. Older LCD TVs used cold cathode fluorescent lamps to provide lighting, whereas LED LCD TVs use an array of smaller, more efficient light-emitting diodes to illuminate the screen.
CCFL backlighting CCFL backlighting is an older, now-abandoned form of display technology in which a series of cold cathode lamps sit across the inside of the TV behind the LCD. The lights illuminate the crystals fairly evenly, which means all regions of the picture will have similar brightness levels. This affects some aspects of picture quality, which we discuss in more detail below. Since CCFLs are larger than LED arrays, CCFL-based LCD TVs are thicker than LED-backlit LCD TVs.
Edge lighting Another form of LCD screen illumination is LED edge lighting. As the name implies, edge-lit TVs have LEDs along the edges of the screen. There are a few different configurations, including LEDs along just the bottom, LEDs on the top and bottom, LEDs along the left and right sides, and LEDs along all four parts of the frame. These different configurations result in picture quality differences, but the overall brightness capabilities still exceed what CCFL LCD TVs could achieve.
TVs with full-array backlighting have the most accurate local dimming and therefore tend to offer the best contrast. Since an array of LEDs spans the entire back of the LCD screen, regions can generally be dimmed with more finesse than on edge-lit TVs, and brightness tends to be uniform across the entire screen. Hisense’s impressive U7H TVs are great examples of relatively affordable models that use full-array backlighting with local dimming.
An OLED display uses a panel of pixel-sized organic compounds that respond to electricity. Since each tiny pixel can be turned on or off individually, OLED displays are called “self-emissive” displays, which means they require no backlighting at all. These kinds of TVs, made popular by LG, offer incredibly deep contrast levels and better per-pixel accuracy than any other picture tech on the market.
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