The characteristic wrinkled surface of the brain is usually associated with enhanced cognitive function, however, excessive folding can have the opposite effect. The human brain's outer layer, known as the cerebral cortex, is characterized by its unique gyri and sulci, or ridges and furrows. This
The human brain’s complex surface folding allows the organ to squeeze 2.6 square feet of cerebral cortex tissue into the skull. Credit: California Institute for Regenerative Medicine
The cerebral cortex is made up of over 10 billion cells and more than 100 trillion connections, forming a gray matter layer that is only 5 millimeters thick — equivalent to a little less than three stacked quarters. UC San Diego researchers identify a mutation that causes excessive folding in the human brain’s wrinkly cerebral cortex, resulting in diminished cognitive function.
“Once we identified TMEM161B as the cause, we set out to understand how excessive folding occurs,” said first author Lu Wang, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow in the Gleeson lab. “We discovered the protein controls the cellular skeleton and polarity, and these control folding.”
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