I am Director of the Computational Biomechanics Research Group - a dynamic and fast growing multidisciplinary team within the School of Environmental and Rural Sciences at UNE, and, Conjoint Associate Professor of Engineering at the University of Newcastle.
Many believe our particularly large brain is what makes us human – but is there more to it? The brain’s shape, as well as the shapes of its component parts may also be important.
Tracking the evolution of the brainMammalian brains have four distinct regions or lobes, each with particular functions. The frontal lobe is associated with reasoning and abstract thought, the temporal lobe with preserving memory, the occipital lobe with vision, and the parietal lobe helps to integrate sensory inputs.
Does a shape change in one part of the growing brain correlate with change in other parts? This can be informative because evolutionary steps can often be retraced through an animal’s development. A common example is the brief appearance of gill slits in early human embryos, reflecting the fact we can trace our evolution back to fish.
A surprising resultThe results of our analyses surprised us. Tracking change over deep time across dozens of primate species, we found humans had particularly high levels of brain integration, especially between the parietal and frontal lobes. At this point, integration rapidly falls away in the apes, but continues well into adulthood in humans.
Archaeological findings continue to mount support for their development of sophisticated technologies, from the earliest known evidence of string, to the manufacture of tar . Neanderthal cave art shows they indulged in complex symbolic thought .
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