You might not expect that the arms of our galaxy and the emergence of plants could help form the continents, but new research suggest it might be possible.
. When we pass through these stellar suburbs, there is a higher likelihood that a star passing near our solar system will cause material to rain down on the inner solar system, like comets and asteroids. This leads to more impacts on Earth.
How does this make continents? Impacts are so energetic that they can melt the crust and cause the mantle below an impact to melt as well. The isotopic excursions found in Australian zircon correlate with other markers of impacts like spherule beds ... and the timing then correlates with the solar system passing through the Perseus and Norma arms of the Milky Way.
This is a fascinating idea, where galactic processes have an influence on geologic processes on Earth. One question that arises, though, is why is it only Earth that developed true continents. We don't see the same on Mars, Venus or Mercury, which begs the question of what prevented continents there when they likely also experienced an increase in impacts.Flash forward to "only" about half a billion years ago.
Plants may have even changed rivers on Earth. The banks of rivers would become more stable with plants, creating what were likely some of the first swamps and marshes on Earth. As sediment became muddier , rivers would becomeThe long and short here: plants fundamentally change how rocks at and near the surface break down, as well as how effectively that sediment is moved and stored on Earth.
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