Researchers say the brain inflammation in long covid is similar to that in cancer patients.
Most of the studies so far are so small and preliminary that they raise more questions than answers. But they also underscore the potential seriousness of covid-19 in producing short- and long-term brain effects, and provide hope that treatments to reverse or reduce those may be developed more quickly.
but a study published this month provided the strongest evidence so far of biological changes following coronavirus infection.Using data from the UK Biobank project, a long-term study of half a million people, researchers compared brain scans of 400 people before and after covid infections. They found that gray matter in key areas, mostly related to smell, was shrunken, and there was a higher-than-expected number of abnormalities in the tissue.
Still, some of the world’s top brain scientists have been struck by how the affected areas were the same ones their research had zeroed in on.In New York, Columbia University professor Andrew Marks conducted autopsies of the brains of 10 people, ages 38 to 80, who died of covid-19 in the first wave of the pandemic. He was taken aback when he noticed high levels of something known as phosphorylated tau, typically seen in Alzheimer’s patients.“It was an unexpected surprising finding,” he said.
“[T]he relationship between COVID-19 and its potential role in future neurodegeneration is currently under debate,” the researchers wrote.Monje and her team approached their research on covid brain fog using data from mice and humans. They infected the respiratory systems of mice with SARS-CoV-2, looked at autopsied tissue from nine people who had died of covid-19, and studied 48 patients with cognitive symptoms they ascribed to long covid.
suggested in an August paper that certain biological responses may be in “disarray” after infection, leading to slower cognitive responses andan imbalance known as oxidative stress may be occurring in the brain. Oxidative stress has been compared to rust — too much oxygen is believed to lead to the destruction of molecules, proteins and even DNA.
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