Black holes and galaxies have an unlikely, but intertwined relationship.
supermassive black hole
that scientists believe is behind an intriguing relationship between black holes and their host galaxies. Known as the M-sigma relation, it's a connection between the mass of the supermassive black hole and the velocity dispersion in the gas of the galactic core . The velocity dispersion is a measure of the"jiggliness" of a clump of gas. Larger dispersions mean that pockets of gas have a broad range of velocities, while a small dispersion means that pockets of gas have roughly the same velocity. The M-sigma relation tells us that for a wide range of galaxies, the more massive the black hole is, the greater the velocity dispersion — in other words, the more activity taking place in the core.
This intimate connection between the black hole and its surroundings is called feedback, and it regulates both the growth of the black hole and the energy in the galaxy, establishing the M-sigma relation. This feedback cycle also governs something else that's critical to the evolution of galaxies: the rate of star formation.
When pockets of gas in a galaxy are relatively cool, they can reach the incredible densities needed to trigger the formation of stars. If the gas is too hot, star formation slows down. There are many sources of heat within a galaxy, like the energy released fromA composite image of Sagittarius A* black hole at the heart of the Milky Way galaxy..
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