Indigenous historian Ned Blackhawk says the occupation of Alcatraz was part of an era that launched a whole range of Native American self-determination efforts in education, arts and land management.
In recent years, there's been a growing movement of Native Americans reclaiming land that historians say the government stole from tribes in the early 1900s. Historians say the birth of this movement was a 1969 occupation on the island of Alcatraz in San Francisco Bay.
He says the federal government had passed laws in the late 1940s and early 1950s that called for tribal nations to be terminated. It was known as the era of assimilation. He often returns with his good friend, Ilka Hartmann. She's a photographer who was born in Germany during World War II. She says the genocide Native Americans faced during the Gold Rush in the US reminded her of genocide during WWII, igniting her passion to stand up for marginalized communities.
"I remember hearing all the sounds here, the beautiful sounds of the riots that were loose everywhere," Hartmann said."And it was like a sing-song everywhere. It really, really impressed me. And there were only here and there a few people, so it was very desolate." "The occupation of Alcatraz was part of an era that launched a whole range of Native American, what are known as self-determination efforts in education, in the arts, in gaming or economic development, in land management," Blackhawk said.
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