A set of changes could cut European reliance on fossil-fuel imports from Russia by 20–60% within one year, argues efesce
Social equity is an essential consideration — transport is the sector with the highest inequality in greenhouse-gas emissions. Low-income households, most of which neither have a car nor fly regularly, would hardly be impacted by bans. However, a small proportion of citizens in high-income countries rely on cars yet have low incomes. Policies to support them include targeted subsidies, zero-carbon shared-car and e-bike schemes, and paying climate dividends to all .
Behavioural interventions, such as visual prompts from ‘smart’ electricity meters, can encourage households to use less energy. Programmable devices can help them ‘game’ their energy use, by washing clothes off-peak, for instance. Social prestige should be attached to energy saving rather than large cars and housing.
More efficient use of industrial products can also reduce dependency on gas. For example, more than 4% of German gas imports from Russia are used to produce steel. Changing building codes can reduce the need for steel in construction by one-quarter
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