Experts evaluate link between hand size difference and COVID-19 severity SwanseaUni frontiersin
). Such correlation may result from the fact that poor biological condition is associated with both high asymmetry and high susceptibility to pathogens due to immune system malfunction. To our knowledge, our study is one of just a few covering this issue and the second involving COVID-19 patients focusing on hand asymmetry and their correlation with risk of hospitalization and clinical parameters.
The main limitation of the study is that the data were collected before the vaccination program. Therefore, it would be of interest to determine whether vaccinated patients who are hospitalized have particularly high digit ratio asymmetries. Moreover, the results may be useful in case of future pandemics. High rates of hospitalization can cause the collapse of health services.
In conclusion, |R-L| asymmetries of digit ratios that included 5D showed means and SD's and age-dependent instability that were higher than asymmetries that did not include 5D. Digit ratio asymmetries that included 5D and 2D:4D were elevated in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. This suggested that markers of developmental instability in the digits are linked to hospitalization for COVID-19.
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Different epidemiology of bloodstream infections in COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 critically ill patients: a descriptive analysis of the Eurobact II study - Critical CareBackground The study aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HABSIs) between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 critically ill patients. Methods We used data from the Eurobact II study, a prospective observational multicontinental cohort study on HABSI treated in ICU. For the current analysis, we selected centers that included both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 critically ill patients. We performed descriptive statistics between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 in terms of patients’ characteristics, source of infection and microorganism distribution. We studied the association between COVID-19 status and mortality using multivariable fragility Cox models. Results A total of 53 centers from 19 countries over the 5 continents were eligible. Overall, 829 patients (median age 65 years [IQR 55; 74]; male, n = 538 [64.9%]) were treated for a HABSI. Included patients comprised 252 (30.4%) COVID-19 and 577 (69.6%) non-COVID-19 patients. The time interval between hospital admission and HABSI was similar between both groups. Respiratory sources (40.1 vs. 26.0%, p | 0.0001) and primary HABSI (25.4% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.006) were more frequent in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients had more often enterococcal (20.5% vs. 9%) and Acinetobacter spp. (18.8% vs. 13.6%) HABSIs. Bacteremic COVID-19 patients had an increased mortality hazard ratio (HR) versus non-COVID-19 patients (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.49–2.45). Conclusions We showed that the epidemiology of HABSI differed between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. Enterococcal HABSI predominated in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients with HABSI had elevated risk of mortality. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.org number NCT03937245 . Registered 3 May 2019.
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