Professor ArthurCaplan discusses the UK and Australia process allowing mitochondrial transfer into an embryo, which allows for genetic material from three parents.
Hi. I'm Art Caplan, talking to you today from my home in Ridgefield, Connecticut, but I work at the NYU Division of Medical Ethics in the Grossman School of Medicine.
If you don't have normal mitochondria, you don't have power to drive cell division and you can't have growth. Basically, you can't have life without energy. The mitochondria supply that energy to the cells to allow the division and the splitting that is basically growth from embryo to baby to us. It's a very important entity, but it's also inherited.
Pretty soon, somebody is going to say,"Well, we allowed the transfer of genetic material into an egg and that was passed on to children. Why don't we try other genetic changes, trying to make a child more immune to diseases, trying to make a child who's taller, faster" — whatever it might be that parents want. We might even see efforts to make babies born with lighter skin or with a different appearance.
There is an alternative to all this genetic fiddling around. You can test embryos and see whether the mitochondria are normal from a couple at risk, but many couples don't produce any embryos except those that have risks. That isn't really a solution if you don't have the transplant option. Telling parents who have kids with mitochondrial diseases, with many deaths, that they can't use something that could fix it, I think the issue is risk. Does it work well? Could there be a health risk to the child? We don't know the procedure that well, so that's something parents have to decide too.
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