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, which makes these mushrooms a popular drug. However, psilocybin has also become increasingly interesting in medicine in recent years for a number of mental illnesses. It has shown promising results in the treatment of depression, addiction and anxiety. Psilocybin is therefore already at an advanced stage of clinical testing as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.L-tryptophan. The enzyme PsiM, a methyltransferase, plays an important role in this process.
Examination of the protein structure revealed astonishing similarities in structure between the fungal enzyme PsiM and enzymes that are normally responsible for the modification of. Although there are also differences, the great structural similarity indicates that the fungal enzyme has evolved from a single methylating RNA methyltransferase. Accordingly, it previously only had the ability to attach a single methyl group to the target molecule.
“The psilocybin precursor norbaeocystin, which is converted by PsiM, structurally imitates part of the RNA, but is methylated twice,” says Hoffmeister.In further investigations, the researchers were also able to identify a crucial amino acid exchange that gave PsiM the ability to carry out double methylation during evolution.
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