COVID-19 vaccine inequity increased infection and mortality rates in low and middle-income countries Coronavirus Disease COVID Mortality Vaccine medrxivpreprint UofIllinois UniofOxford UCBerkeley
By Neha MathurMar 1 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. *Important notice: medRxiv publishes preliminary scientific reports that are not peer-reviewed and, therefore, should not be regarded as conclusive, guide clinical practice/health-related behavior, or treated as established information.
Background The current study used COVID-19 vaccination and gross domestic product per capita data from 160 countries. By June 2022, 97 of these 160 countries had vaccinated nearly half of their population. However, the global COVID-19 vaccine supply was unequal, with high-income countries receiving more vaccines than low- and middle-income countries.
These 12 sub-national localities were categorized into quantiles based on measures representing SES, such as poverty rates. Finally, the degree of SES disparity was determined using the ratio and difference for the median, maximum, and percentage of the population vaccinated in the final study week. Quantile-based analysis discerned SES-stratified temporal trends in COVID-19 vaccination for 81 places, spanning 26 countries with varying national GDP per capita. These trends were identified in 33 and 24 states of the United States of America and Brazil, respectively.
Related StoriesNote that the time of vaccine rollout was not associated with the GDP per capita of the country. For example, Cape Verde implemented a faster initial COVID-19 vaccination rollout campaign than many high-GDP countries, such as Belgium.
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Efficacy of first dose of covid-19 vaccine versus no vaccination on symptoms of patients with long covid: target trial emulation based on ComPaRe e-cohortObjective To evaluate the effect of covid-19 vaccination on the severity of symptoms in patients with long covid. Design Target trial emulation based on ComPaRe e-cohort. Data source ComPaRe long covid cohort, a nationwide e-cohort (ie, a cohort where recruitment and follow-up are performed online) of patients with long covid, in France. Methods Adult patients (aged ≥18 years) enrolled in the ComPaRe cohort before 1 May 2021 were included in the study if they reported a confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptoms persistent for |3 weeks after onset, and at least one symptom attributable to long covid at baseline. Patients who received a first covid-19 vaccine injection were matched with an unvaccinated control group in a 1:1 ratio according to their propensity scores. Number of long covid symptoms, rate of complete remission of long covid, and proportion of patients reporting an unacceptable symptom state at 120 days were recorded. Results 910 patients were included in the analyses (455 in the vaccinated group and 455 in the control group). By 120 days, vaccination had reduced the number of long covid symptoms (mean 13.0 (standard deviation 9.4) in the vaccinated group v 14.8 (9.8) in the control group; mean difference −1.8, 95% confidence interval −3.0 to −0.5) and doubled the rate of patients in remission (16.6% v 7.5%, hazard ratio 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 3.14). Vaccination reduced the effect of long covid on patients' lives (mean score on the impact tool 24.3 (standard deviation 16.7) v 27.6 (16.7); mean difference −3.3, 95% confidence interval −5.7 to −1.0) and the proportion of patients with an unacceptable symptom state (38.9% v 46.4%, risk difference −7.4%, 95% confidence interval −14.5% to −0.3%). In the vaccinated group, two (0.4%) patients reported serious adverse events requiring admission to hospital. Conclusion In this study, covid-19 vaccination reduced the severity of symptoms and the effect of long covid on patients' social,
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25% of COVID-19 patients have lasting reduction in lung functionIn a recent study posted to the Preprints with The Lancet SSRN* server, researchers evaluated the impairment of pulmonary function in individuals suffering from post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (PASC) or long coronavirus disease (long COVID) symptoms after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections.
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COVID-19 bacteremic co-infection is a major risk factor for mortality, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation - Critical CareBackground Recent single-center reports have suggested that community-acquired bacteremic co-infection in the context of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be an important driver of mortality; however, these reports have not been validated with a multicenter, demographically diverse, cohort study with data spanning the pandemic. Methods In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, inpatient encounters were assessed for COVID-19 with community-acquired bacteremic co-infection using 48-h post-admission blood cultures and grouped by: (1) confirmed co-infection [recovery of bacterial pathogen], (2) suspected co-infection [negative culture with ≥ 2 antimicrobials administered], and (3) no evidence of co-infection [no culture]. The primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation. COVID-19 bacterial co-infection risk factors and impact on primary outcomes were determined using multivariate logistic regressions and expressed as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (Cohort, OR 95% CI, Wald test p value). Results The studied cohorts included 13,781 COVID-19 inpatient encounters from 2020 to 2022 in the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB, n = 4075) and Ochsner Louisiana State University Health—Shreveport (OLHS, n = 9706) cohorts with confirmed (2.5%), suspected (46%), or no community-acquired bacterial co-infection (51.5%) and a comparison cohort consisting of 99,170 inpatient encounters from 2010 to 2019 (UAB pre-COVID-19 pandemic cohort). Significantly increased likelihood of COVID-19 bacterial co-infection was observed in patients with elevated ≥ 15 neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (UAB: 1.95 [1.21–3.07]; OLHS: 3.65 [2.66–5.05], p | 0.001 for both) within 48-h of hospital admission. Bacterial co-infection was found to confer the greatest increased risk for in-hospital mortality (UAB: 3.07 [2.42–5.46]; OLHS: 4.05 [2.29–6.97], p | 0.001 for both), ICU admission (UAB: 4.47 [2.87–7.09], OLHS: 2.65 [2.00–3.48], p
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Economic and life-expectancy losses due to COVID-19 deaths in the United StatesEconomic and life-expectancy losses due to COVID-19 deaths in the United States SciReports UCSF HarvardChanSPH COVID19 coronavirus covid pandemic
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Why U.S. Experts Can't Agree on the Origins of COVID-19News that the U.S. Department of Energy made a determination about the origins of COVID-19 has sparked new questions about the U.S. intelligence community’s investigation of the global pandemic that has killed an estimated 6.85 million people
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risk of miscarriage following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysisAbstractStudy Question. What is the risk of miscarriage among pregnant women who received any of the COVID-19 vaccines?Summary Answer. There is no evidence that
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