Clockwork in cancer: the importance of the circadian rhythm in the formation and progression of tumors TrendsCellBio ETH_en cancer oncology tumor circadianrhythm disease health
By Bhavana KunkalikarMar 29 2023Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM In a recent study published in the Trends in Cell Biology journal, researchers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology reviewed the importance of the circadian rhythm in the formation and progression of tumors.
Since metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in cancer patients, studies have taken a particular interest in circulating tumor cells that initiate the metastatic cascade. The influence of the circadian clock on CTC spread and metastasis formation may present an opportunity to discover vulnerabilities and create innovative anti-metastasis therapies.
Genetic and non-genetic methods of disrupting the circadian rhythm in mice have demonstrated a link between the circadian clock and the onset or progression of tumors. For instance, genetic deletion of genes Per2 or Bmal1 accelerated lung cancer in mutant mice, resulting in elevated c-Myc protein levels, thus accelerating cancer proliferation and metabolic reprogramming.
Genetics & Genomics eBook Compilation of the top interviews, articles, and news in the last year. Download a free copy Moreover, the interaction between cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cell clusters increases the primary tumor's collective invasion. In addition, the interaction between cancer cells and perivascular tumor-associated macrophages generates transitory vascular permeability and cell intravasation by activating the vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression.
Additionally, the circadian rhythm governs the establishment of the metastatic niche by controlling the biology and functioning of the TME. The production of lung metastasis due to melanoma cells follows a circadian pattern. Neutrophils that collect in the lungs following a time-dependent way regulate the duration of this process.
Along with chronochemotherapy, chronoimmunotherapy is developing as a potentially superior cancer treatment. A recent study found that stage IV malignant melanoma patients who received infusions including immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab, ipilimumab, and/or pembrolizumab before 16:30 noted a survival rate that was nearly double as compared to those who received the therapy after 16:30.
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