A lake in the middle of Wisconsin’s capital city is turning up incredible artifacts spanning thousands of years. Now that researchers suspect a village, they’re fighting against all odds to unearth more
One hundred seventy-five years ago, Indigenous sites blanketed the American Midwest like stars blanket the sky—there were some 15,000 burial mounds scattered across Wisconsin alone. European settlers largely destroyed these sites as they moved west across the continent in the 19th and 20th centuries, leaving cornfields and courthouses in their stead.
No one guessed the wood sample taken from the dugout would come back with a carbon date circa A.D. 850, revealing that the canoe was carved from a white oak felled during the era of Viking raids and the reign of Charlemagne. The 1,200-year-old discovery made—and then, in essentially the same spot less than a year later, Thomsen found another.
But beyond supporting the tribe’s oral knowledge, he adds, artifacts like these help tribal members rediscover their own cultural connection to the area. With the Ho-Chunk forced to relocate four separate times throughout the 1800s, “when a physical item shows our continued presence in the area, we’re just as excited as the next.”
And then COVID stopped everything. The researchers needed a custom-built conservation tank where they could soak the wooden vessel in a special preservation fluid; when they couldn’t find a carpenter, Skibo built one himself. When it was time to fill the tank with polyethylene glycol, a bulking agent that supports the cell structure of wood, there was none to be found—it’s a key ingredient in COVID-19 vaccines.
“As far as I’m concerned,” says Rosebrough, “he died in the line of duty. He was doing what he loved. In archaeology, we really can’t ask for more than that.”
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